What Is a Thyroid Nodule?

A thyroid nodule is a lump or growth within the thyroid gland. They are extremely common.

Key Facts

• 50% of people have nodules by age 60
• 90–95% are benign
• 5–10% may be cancerous
• More common in women
• Often found incidentally on imaging

Evaluation

• TSH blood test
• Thyroid ultrasound (assess size, features)
• FNA (fine needle aspiration) biopsy if suspicious
• Radionuclide scan if TSH is low

Risk Factors for Cancer

• Radiation exposure to neck in childhood
• Family history of thyroid cancer
• Hard, fixed nodule
• Rapid growth
• Hoarseness (nerve involvement)
• Lymph node enlargement