What Is Graves' Disease?

Graves' disease is an autoimmune condition where antibodies (TSI) stimulate the thyroid to produce excess hormone. It is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism.

Symptoms

• Rapid heartbeat, palpitations
• Weight loss despite increased appetite
• Anxiety, tremor, insomnia
• Heat intolerance, sweating
• Bulging eyes (exophthalmos) — specific to Graves'
• Goiter (enlarged thyroid)
• Muscle weakness
• Frequent bowel movements

Diagnosis

• Low TSH with high free T4/T3
• Positive TSI antibodies (90%)
• Radioactive iodine uptake scan (diffuse high uptake)

Treatment

• Antithyroid medications (methimazole)
• Radioactive iodine ablation
• Thyroid surgery
• Beta-blockers for symptom control