What Is Herpes (HSV)?

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) causes recurring sores. HSV-1 typically causes oral cold sores; HSV-2 typically causes genital herpes. Both can infect either location.

Key Facts

• 80% of people with HSV-2 don't know they have it
• Virus stays in nerve cells permanently
• Outbreaks decrease in frequency over time
• Transmissible even without visible sores (asymptomatic shedding)

Symptoms

• Painful blisters or sores
• Tingling or burning before outbreak
• Flu-like symptoms during first outbreak
• Many people have very mild symptoms mistaken for ingrown hairs or razor burn

Testing

• Swab of active sore (most accurate)
• Blood antibody test (4–6 weeks after exposure)
• Type-specific tests distinguish HSV-1 from HSV-2

Treatment

• Antivirals: acyclovir, valacyclovir, famciclovir
• Daily suppressive therapy reduces outbreaks by 70–80%
• Reduces transmission risk