What Is Herpes (HSV)?
Herpes simplex virus (HSV) causes recurring sores. HSV-1 typically causes oral cold sores; HSV-2 typically causes genital herpes. Both can infect either location.
Key Facts
- 80% of people with HSV-2 don't know they have it
- Virus stays in nerve cells permanently
- Outbreaks decrease in frequency over time
- Transmissible even without visible sores (asymptomatic shedding)
Symptoms
- Painful blisters or sores
- Tingling or burning before outbreak
- Flu-like symptoms during first outbreak
- Many people have very mild symptoms mistaken for ingrown hairs or razor burn
Testing
- Swab of active sore (most accurate)
- Blood antibody test (4–6 weeks after exposure)
- Type-specific tests distinguish HSV-1 from HSV-2
Treatment
- Antivirals: acyclovir, valacyclovir, famciclovir
- Daily suppressive therapy reduces outbreaks by 70–80%
- Reduces transmission risk
Source: CDC, American Sexual Health Association.
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