What Does Low MCV Mean?

Q: What Does Low MCV Mean?

Low MCV (below 80 fL) = microcytosis (small red blood cells). Most common cause: iron deficiency anemia. Also: thalassemia, chronic disease, lead poisoning.

Low MCV means your red blood cells are smaller than normal (microcytosis).

Common Causes

Iron deficiency anemia — most common
Thalassemia trait
Anemia of chronic disease
Lead poisoning
Sideroblastic anemia

Distinguishing Iron Deficiency from Thalassemia

Iron deficiency: high RDW, low ferritin
Thalassemia: normal RDW, normal ferritin
Mentzer index (MCV/RBC) below 13 suggests thalassemia

Next Steps

Check ferritin and iron panel
Hemoglobin electrophoresis if thalassemia suspected
Lead level if exposure risk

Source: NLM MedlinePlus, American Association for Clinical Chemistry.

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