What Does Low Hemoglobin Mean?

Low hemoglobin is called anemia. It means your blood carries less oxygen than normal.

Thresholds

  • Men: below 13.5 g/dL
  • Women: below 12.0 g/dL
  • Pregnancy: below 11.0 g/dL

Common Causes

  • Iron deficiency (most common)
  • Blood loss (heavy periods, GI bleeding)
  • B12/folate deficiency
  • Chronic disease
  • Bone marrow disorders

Symptoms

  • Fatigue
  • Shortness of breath
  • Pallor
  • Dizziness
  • Rapid heartbeat
  • Cold hands/feet

Next Steps

  • Check MCV, MCHC, RDW to classify anemia
  • Check ferritin, B12, folate
  • GI evaluation if blood loss suspected
Source: NLM MedlinePlus, American Association for Clinical Chemistry.

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